Prospective observation: Clinical utility of plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA load in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma patients

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGCs) may account for 8–9% of all gastric cancer (GC) patients. All previous reports on EBVaGC were retrospective. Prospective study is warranted to evaluate the exact role of EBV status in predicting the prognosis of GC. It is of special interest to figure out whether dynamic detection of plasma EBV-DNA load could be a feasible biomarker for the monitor of EBVaGC. From October 2014 to September 2017, we consecutively collected GC patients (n = 2,760) from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center for EBER examination. We detected EBV-DNA load in plasma and tissue samples of EBVaGC patients at baseline. Subsequently, plasma EBV-DNA load was dynamically monitored in EBVaGC patients. The overall prevalence of EBVaGC is 5.1% (140/2,760). The incidence rate of EBVaGC decreased with advanced AJCC 7th TNM stage (p < 0.001), with the corresponding percentages of 9.3, 9.9, 6.7 and 1.4% for Stage I, II, III and IV patients. EBVaGC patients were predominately young males with better histologic differentiation and earlier TNM stage than EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) patients. EBVaGC patients were confirmed to had a favorable 3-year survival rate (EBVaGC vs. EBVnGC: 76.8% vs. 58.2%, p = 0.0001). Though only 52.1% (73/140) EBVaGC patients gained detectable EBV-DNA and 43.6% (61/140) reached a positive cutoff of 100 copies/ml, we found the plasma EBV-DNA load in EBVaGC decreased when patients got response, while it increased when disease progressed. Our results suggested that plasma EBV-DNA is a good marker in predicting recurrence and chemotherapy response for EBVaGC patients.     

枸杞多糖对大鼠角膜缘干细胞体外增殖的影响研究

目的通过体外分离和培养大鼠角膜缘干细胞(Limbal Stem Cells, LSCs)，观察枸杞多糖(Lyciumbarbarum Polysaccharide, LBP)对LSCs体外增殖的影响，为中药体外培养LSCs的研究提供实验资料。 方法体外分离和培养LSCs，显微镜观察LSCs的细胞形态特征，通过免疫荧光检测转录因子p63初步鉴定大鼠LSCs；分对照组和枸杞多糖处理组，每组20例，免疫印迹检测增殖细胞核抗原(Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, PCNA)，初步探讨枸杞多糖对LSCs的增殖影响。 结果镜下观察LSCs体积小，呈多边形或椭圆形，胞核较大，核质比例大，免疫荧光结果显示体外分离的LSCs可表达p63(阳性率为76.41±1.66%)；枸杞多糖处理后LSCs的PCNA蛋白的表达水平高于对照组，并且随着枸杞多糖浓度的增加，PCNA蛋白的表达升高(P<0.05)。 结论枸杞多糖对LSCs的增殖和生长具有促进和维持的作用。     

益气活血化瘀方治疗高血压性脑基底节出血术后的临床研究

目的观察益气活血化瘀方治疗高血压性脑基底节出血术后的临床疗效。方法将60例高血压性脑基底节出血患者随机分为观察组28例与对照组32例,对照组予单纯手术治疗,观察组在手术基础上联合益气活血化瘀方治疗。观察两组患者在治疗前后格拉斯哥昏迷指数(GCS)评分、肌力、血肿体积、中医证候积分、住院时间,并评估疗效。结果经治疗后,两组患者GCS评分明显下降,血肿体积明显缩小,中医证候积分明显降低,术后瘫痪侧肌力均明显改善(均P<0.05),观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组中医证候总有效率为75.00%,明显高于对照组的59.38%(P<0.05);观察组的住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论益气活血化瘀方联合手术治疗可明显改善高血压性脑基底节出血患者的GCS评分、肌力,降低中医证候积分,缩小血肿体积,缩短住院时间,提高中医证候疗效。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肺癌患者的应对措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是近段时间我国面临的重大公卫事件，我国是肺癌大国，为了加强肺癌患者对这一疾病的认识，在疫情期间，使广大肺癌患者做好自身疾病的管理，做好对新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防。本文结合肺癌患者自身特点，对新型冠状病毒肺炎的易感性、鉴别诊断、防护、治疗，以及肺癌患者的随访、抗肿瘤用药、营养、手术等方面进行探讨，并结合两者的关系综合归纳，可以为广大肺癌患者更好地应对疫情提供参考。     

盐霉素对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:体外实验研究盐霉素对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法:通过CCK-8法检测盐霉素作用后鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的增殖情况。利用克隆集落形成实验观察鼻咽癌细胞成活情况，单击多靶模型拟合剂量存活曲线，计算放射增敏指数（SER）；Chou-Talalay数学模型绘制联合指数（CI）曲线，判断盐霉素和放射的作用关系。利用γ-H2AX焦点形成检测DNA分子损伤情况。结果:盐霉素能够抑制鼻咽癌细胞的增殖，并且具有明显的时间和剂量依赖性；盐霉素作用鼻咽癌细胞的IC50值在24 h时为17.81 μmol/L，48 h时为3.98 μmol/L。根据单击多靶模型拟合细胞的存活曲线，可知在鼻咽癌细胞CNE-2中盐霉素浓度为0.1 μmol/L和0.5 μmol/L时SER分别为1.19和1.21，均大于1.0，表明盐霉素对鼻咽癌细胞具有明显的放射增敏作用。制作联合指数（CI）曲线，可知在盐霉素浓度为0.1 μmol/L时，放射剂量为2 Gy时，CI值≈1，盐霉素和放射对CNE-2的作用接近相加作用，放射剂量为4、6、8 Gy时，CI值均＜1，二者为协同作用；在盐霉素浓度为0.5 μmol/L时，放射剂量为2、4、6、8 Gy时，CI值均＜1，二者均为协同作用。相对于照射组，盐霉素+照射组能增加DNA损伤数目。结论:盐霉素能提高鼻咽癌细胞的放射敏感性，为一种潜在的放射增敏药物。     

MR fingerprinting ASL: Sequence characterization and comparison with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI

MR Fingerprinting (MRF)‐based Arterial‐Spin‐Labeling (ASL) has the potential to measure multiple parameters such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), bolus arrival time (BAT), and tissue T₁ in a single scan. However, the previous reports have only demonstrated a proof‐of‐principle of the technique but have not examined the performance of the sequence in the context of key imaging parameters. Furthermore, there has not been a study to directly compare the technique to clinically used perfusion method of dynamic‐susceptibility‐contrast (DSC) MRI. The present report consists of two studies. In the first study (N = 8), we examined the dependence of MRF‐ASL sequence on TR time pattern. Ten different TR patterns with a range of temporal characteristics were examined by both simulations and experiments. The results revealed that there was a significance dependence of the sequence performance on TR pattern (p < 0.001), although there was not a single pattern that provided dramatically improvements. Among the TR patterns tested, a sinusoidal pattern with a period of 125 TRs provided an overall best estimation in terms of spatial consistency. These experimental observations were consistent with those of numerical simulations. In the second study (N = 8), we compared MRF‐ASL results with those of DSC MRI. It was found that MRF‐ASL and DSC MRI provided highly comparable maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and bolus‐arrival‐time (BAT), with spatial correlation coefficients of 0.79 and 0.91, respectively. However, in terms of quantitative values, BAT obtained with MRF‐ASL was considerably lower than that from DSC (p < 0.001), presumably because of the differences in tracer characteristics in terms of diffusible versus intravascular tracers. Test–retest assessment of MRF‐ASL MRI revealed that the spatial correlations of parametric maps were 0.997, 0.962, 0.746 and 0.863 for B₁⁺, T₁, CBF, and BAT, respectively. MRF‐ASL is a promising technique for assessing multiple perfusion parameters simultaneously without contrast agent.     

术前CT模拟指导俯卧位经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术的可行性分析

目的分析术前CT模拟指导俯卧位经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2017年1月-2019年1月河南省开封市中心医院收治的67例骨盆骨折损伤俯卧位行经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术患者的临床资料。男性38例,女性29例;年龄30~62岁,平均37.5岁;BMI 17.8~27.2kg/m^2,平均22.5kg/m^2。俯卧位行术前CT模拟指导经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术38例(CT模拟组),俯卧位行经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术29例(常规组)。比较两组患者置入螺钉数量、位置、长度与术前规划符合率,手术时间、术中透视时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间;比较两组患者术后6个月Majeed功能评分和并发症发生情况。结果CT模拟组患者置入螺钉数量和常规组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CT模拟组位置、长度与术前规划符合率均为100%,均分别高于常规组的83%和87%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=7.179,P=0.007;χ^2=5.657,P=0.017);CT模拟组手术时间、术中透视时间以及骨折愈合时间较常规组缩短,术中出血量降低[(77.9±12.6)min vs.(90.4±13.3)min、(6.5±0.8)s vs.(7.2±0.9)s、(3.2±0.5)个月vs.(3.5±0.6)个月、(86.8±17.1)m L vs.(97.8±18.3)m L],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);术后6个月CT模拟组Majeed功能评分中疼痛、工作、坐、站立、性生活及总评分均高于常规组[(25.6±3.6)分vs.(23.6±3.3)分、(17.5±2.3)分vs.(16.3±2.2)分、(8.8±1.3)分vs.(8.1±1.2)分、(31.8±4.9)分vs.(29.4±4.5)分、(3.0±0.5)分vs.(2.8±0.5)分、(86.7±10.2)分vs.(80.2±9.8)分],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);CT模拟组并发症发生率为0,低于常规组17%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.025)。结论术前CT模拟用于指导俯卧位经皮微创骶髂螺钉内固定术可提高置入螺钉位置、长度的精准率,还具有手术时间短、术中出血量和射线辐射少、骨折愈合快、螺钉植入准确率高、并发症发生率低等优点,是一种精确、安全、有效的影像学辅助手段。     

创伤性脑损伤患者创伤后成长与创伤后应激障碍的调查研究

目的分析创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者创伤后成长（PTG）与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的现况及其影响因素。 方法通过便利抽样的方法，选取首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科自2019年7月至2020年1月就诊的85例TBI患者为研究对象，使用创伤后成长评定量表（PTGI）、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版（PCL-C）调查TBI患者的PTG水平、PTSD情况，并进一步分析TBI患者PTG的影响因素。 结果TBI患者PTGI总分为（58.41±23.05）分，处于低水平。PCL-C得分为（36.18±16.52）分，PCL-C阳性症状检出率为41.2%。多元线性回归分析结果显示，文化程度、性格类型、社会支持、警觉性增高、创伤再体验是TBI患者PTG的影响因素。TBI患者文化水平低、外向型性格、社会支持水平越高其PTG水平越高。TBI事件后警觉性反应低者，PTG水平较高，创伤再体验症状促进PTG的发生。 结论TBI患者创伤后早期同时出现PTG及PTSD，通过调动患者个体内部因素及外在社会联系等方面积极因素，可能提高患者PTG水平。     

基于品质因素评价瓦里安锥束CT成像质量与辐射剂量风险收益比

目的 分析比对不同Varian加速器平台机载千伏锥束CT（kV CBCT）系统的辐射剂量和成像质量，指导临床选用风险收益比（成像质量/辐射剂量）最高的图像引导方案。方法 利用CT剂量指数模体（CTDI模体）和CT电离室，以及Catphan604模体分别获取Edge、Truebeam、新旧两台ix加速器机载CBCT典型扫描模式的辐射剂量和成像质量参数，使用品质因素（figure of merit，FOM）值评估各图像引导方案的风险收益比。结果 不同型号的瓦里安加速器配置的kV CBCT系统的FOM不同，差异广泛分布于0.65（温和成像一圈）~48.46（温和成像半圈）区间；各扫描参数间FOM也存在较大差异，均值为22.14±13.47。结论 由于设备间和参数间存在显著差异，基于实际测量的验证评估有助于临床选择合理的影像引导方案，剂量敏感患者应优先选择加权CT剂量指数（CTDI_w）低的参数和设备；对图像质量要求高的患者应优选对比度噪声比（CNR）高的方案；而普通患者则可依据风险收益比进行选择，此时品质因素FOM可为临床决策提供有利工具。